Tashkent - the economic, religious and political center of Uzbekistan. Most travel involves entering and leaving Uzbekistan through Tashkent, the capital city of Uzbekistan. Tashkent was the fourth largest city in the former Soviet Union but you wouldn"t know it with the sheep that wander the streets under the watchful eye of their turbaned shepherds. But as Tico after Tico races by, followed by hundreds of Daewoo Nexias, and the metro rumbles underneath, you begin to understand the complexity that is Tashkent.
Architecture. Old City Much of the city is relatively new and is a showpiece of Soviet and post-Soviet architecture. In 1966 an earthquake levelled most old structures and in the following years workers streamed in from around the Soviet Union to rebuild Tashkent in the middle of Asia. The "Old City," centered around Chorsu, still contains some of the old Tashkent.
For the traveler much remains to be seen though Tashkent is often overlooked in the search for the Silk Road oasis towns of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. Today one can visit such striking sights as Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin Bobo, Sheihantaur or Mausoleum of Zangiata. It is only Tashkent that melds Sufism, Marxism and Capitalism, the East, West and Russia, as well as tradition and modernism. Other Central Asian capitals lack the complexity and overall cultural mix of Tashkent. Other Attractions With its population of 2.5 million, Tashkent is a large city. The closest to the feeling of a downtown area is Saligokh (another reading Sail"goh) Street - "Broadway," a walking street stretching between Mustakillik Mayodony (Independence Square) and Amir Timur Hiyobony (Amir Timur Square).
Nearby are other sights of interest: Alisher Navoi Theater, Amir Timur Museum, Museum of applied Arts , Fine Arts museum , Historical 
Gates of Tashkent. The Gates of Tashkent were built around the town at the close of the 10th century but did not survive to the present. The last gate was destroyed in 1890 as a result of the growth of the city, but some of the districts in Tashkent still bear the names of these gates. The gates formed a part of the city fortifications, which had been constructed around the new settlement on the banks of the Bozsuv canal (the canal starts from the right shore of Chirchik river) at the intersection of caravan roads from Tien Shan Mountains. The number of gates varied over time. Fifteenth-century sources mention that the gates were named after local tribes, as each tribe was put in charge to guard a specific gate.
In June 1865 Russian troops successfully stormed Tashkent. General Mikhail Grigorevich Cherniaev had only 3,000 men under his command against a city with a 25-kilometer-long wall, 12 gates and 30,000 defenders. The Russians captured the city after two days of fighting and the loss of only 25 dead. The local nobility and inhabitants of Tashkent felt little loyalty towards the authority of the Kokand khanate; therefore they preferred to surrender the town to Russians.
The Story of the Twelve Keys. On June 30, 1865 the representatives of the Tashkent nobility brought 12 gold keys from the gates of Tashkent to the Russian camp near Chimgan, a military village in the hills about 56 miles to the northeast from Tashkent. It was a sign of recognition of the victory of the Russian army.
After 1867 the army camp at Chimgan became an acclimatization station for military newcomers from Russia. During the Soviet period it was rebuilt to adapt its premises for use as a summer camp for children (now a recreation camp where campers still live at former military casernes). The surrounding area is still referred to as the "Twelve-Keys".
The keys were delivered to St. Petersburg, where they were kept at the Suvorov Military Museum. In 1933 they were returned to Tashkent. One can see one of the keys at the History museum. Others are stored at the National bank. Each of the keys has an inscription engraved with the name of a particular gate and the date when a key was made. This information is taken from Pagetour Travel Company.
Historical monuments of Tashkent
The Madrasah of Barakhan.
The Madrasah of Barakhan was formed in 15th-16th centuries out of edifices, which occurred at different times. The initial body was a mausoleum east of the actual complex. The second element was two-cupola Mausoleum-Khanaka, of Tashkent"s ruler Soyunidj Khan Shaybani, 1530. In the middle of 16th century the complex was rearranged into madrasah. The complex was named after of that time"s ruler, Nauruz-Ahmed, nicknamed, Barakhan. The entrance portal to the Madrasah of Barakhan isn"t characteristic for Tashkent in way of its decoration. Its bay is topped with a vault "colab-cory"; tympanum and pylons are decorated with carved bricks and various mosaics. The name of the master who restored colab-cory in 1955-63 is Usta Shirin Muradov. The madrasah proportions: outward: 73 x 44 m., courtyard: 33 x 27,5 m.
The Mausoleum of Kaffol Shoshiy.
The mausoleum was built in honor of imam Abubakr ibn Ali ibn Ismail Al Kaffol al Shoshiy. The first burial vault was not kept safe. Actual mausoleum was built in 1542 by Gulyam Husain, who was Khan"s architect at that time. It is an asymmetric domed portal mausoleum - khanaka. Khanakas were erected to give pilgrims from distant lands a shelter in living cells - hujras. Mausoleums" complexes also often included mosque and an eating-room called oshkhana with a kitchen. There is a late burial place (sagana) on small yard south of the main building. The mausoleum is built of baked bricks. Proportions: 13.3 x 12.5 m., room: 6 x 6 m., the cupola: 16.4 m. high.
Near this mausoleum is located the house where Khodja Akhrori-vali lived, who was follower of Kaffol al Shoshiy. Khodja Akhrori-vali was also a follower of Bahovutdin Nakshbandy and he asserted that people of belief must not beg alms; they should live with their own labor. In his own life he followed Nakshbandy"s motto - "Dil ba eru dast ba kor", which means: heart with the God, arms in labor. Khodja Akhror was both a Sufi master and a statesman. He was buried in Samarkand.
Madrasah of Abdulkasim Sheikh.
The Madrasah of Abdulkasim Sheikh, built up in 16th century, initially was a complex, which comprised mosque, bathhouse and madrasah. The place, where the complex is located, formerly called Yangi Mahalla, was one of the public centers. Originally the Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah was a single-storey building. In 1864 when it was rebuilt a second storey was made. The Madrasah has its well-shaped portal with arch. The arcades and two towers (guldasta) at the corners flanked portal on either side. The square-shaped courtyard had a mosque, lecture rooms and is still fringed by the dormitory cells in which students lived. For a long time Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrasah stood on the back street. Yet, recently it has acquired a new stately neighbor, Parliament"s building. In combination with modern, the historical building looks even more attractive. The madrasah proportions: outward: 65 x 43 m., courtyard: 28 x 22 m.
The mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin Bobo.
The Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin Bobo is located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The Sheikh Zaynudin Bobo was a writer and popularizer of Sufi order, known as Suhrawardiyya. An accurate date of his birth is unknown. As believed Sheikh Zaynudin died when he was 95. Arguably he was a son of the founder of Suhrawardiyya order, Diya al-din Abu "n-Najib as-Surawardi (1097 – 1168), who has sent his son Sheikh Zaynudin to Tashkent with the purpose to spread ideas of his order. Sheikh Zaynudin was conveyed to earth at the graveyard of Orifon village beyond the Kukcha Gate (now within the Tashkent). There is an underground cell (chillahona of 12th century) to mausoleum, where Sheikh Zaynudin conducted his 40-day meditations (chilla) and chartak dating back to the 14-th c. The mausoleum built in 16th century was rebuilt in the late 19-th century. Proportions: 18 x 16 m., 20.7 m. high.
The mausoleums of Zangiata.
The mausoleums of Zangiata - Sufi, who was very popular in Tashkent, and of his wife Ambar bibi - were conceivably built by Tamerlane in the nineties the 14th century. The real name of Zangiata was Sheikh Ay-Khodja. The nickname Zangiata means "black". He came from the family of descendants of Khazret Arslan bobo; and also he was the fifth "murid" of Sufi Khodja Ahmad Yassavi considered as a spiritual forefather of all Turkic tribes of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
The mausoleum complex consist of the following: mosque Namazgoh (1870); minaret (1914-1915); mausoleum of Zangiata; courtyard with living cells - hujras of former madrasah (18th - 19th c.); cemetery and mausoleum of Ambar bibi on it.
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